Saturday, March 14, 2009

Bolonia la Docta

Más de 70 universidades, 3.000 titulaciones y 1.400.000 alumnos que consiguen cada curso académico 186.000 títulos. Son datos estadísticos que hablan de nuestro sistema educativo superior, pero poco de nuestros alumnos y profesores.

Hasta ahora, cuando se terminaba el bachillerato, ingresábamos en la Universidad al mismo tiempo que en la mayoría de edad, y descubríamos el trabajo sólo para el examen y el plagio indiscriminado.

Bolonia es mucho más que todo eso. La ciudad que acoge la Universidad más antigua de Occidente ha sido elegida para representar a la nueva Europa del Conocimiento. Será un proceso difícil, sin duda, como lo es el comunitario, pero que alberga también grandes esperanzas. Aunque las críticas a Bolonia se centran en temas económicos, me preocupan más los docentes, porque dudo que exista realmente una infraestructura humana y material con calidad para acometer una reforma como ésta. Desconfío también de que la metodología de la nueva enseñanza se presuponga a un profesorado entrenado en la clase magistral y el examen final; y dudo, por último, de la capacidad de un alumnado que sale de la enseñanza secundaria con la miopía del apunte. Por el contrario, las críticas económicas más habituales caen por sí solas. Hoy en día la licenciatura no es una garantía de nada: lo normal es que ya la exijan para muchos trabajos, con lo que el aspirante a un contrato laboral deberá aportar como valor añadido la formación de postgrado, que en su mayoría tiene un costo más alto que el que se presume para los futuros postgrados oficiales.

Por lo que afecta a las becas, es imprescindible que aseguremos el acceso a la Universidad de los que tienen menos medios, por supuesto, pero también lo es que incentivemos el trabajo personal para que no se produzcan asimetrías injustas con los que alcanzan la excelencia académica y no pueden entrar en los baremos económicos, no siempre transparentes.

Y por último, el retorno económico. La Encuesta de Población Activa acreditaba en enero la estrecha relación existente entre nivel educativo y desempleo, con tasas de desempleo del 35,45% entre los que no tienen estudios, 20,45% entre los trabajadores con educación primaria, del 7,45% entre los licenciados y del 2,15% entre los doctorados.

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